集群和企业级创新：欧洲航空业集聚、网络和制度优势的结构分析

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英文题目：Clusters and firm-level innovation: A configurational analysis of agglomeration, network and institutional advantages in European aerospace,

摘要：集群具有加强企业创新的潜力。然而，我们对企业如何受到集群中外部资源的影响以及这与内部资源水平的关系的了解有限。对于这些资源的单独影响和综合影响，似乎存在相互冲突的理论假设和实证结果。

我们的论文试图通过采用配置透镜来协调这些问题，允许多种创新途径。将模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）应用于欧洲航空航天集群中的企业样本，我们发现创新成果只能通过内部资产和地理、网络和机构提供的外部资源的组合来解释。孤立地说，没有任何一种资源是足够的。

我们区分了总共七条路径。从受益于局部知识溢出的弱势企业到拥有广泛非局部网络的强势企业，这些情况各不相同。我们发现，内部和外部资源之间的关系因果复杂，甚至可能产生负面创新影响。因此，我们为协调文献中理解集群对企业影响的不同方法迈出了第一步。

Abstract: Clusters have the potential to strengthen firm innovation. However, our knowledge of how firms are affected by the external resources found in clusters, and how this relates to their level of internal resources, is limited. There are seemingly conflicting theoretical assumptions and empirical findings on both the inpidual and combined impact of these resources.

Our paper seeks to reconcile these by adopting a configurational lens, allowing for multiple pathways to innovation. Applying fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to a sample of firms in European aerospace clusters, we uncover that innovation outcomes can only be explained through combinations of internal assets, and external resources provided by geography, networks, and institutions. No single resource, in isolation, is sufficient.

We distinguish between a total of seven pathways. These vary from weak firms benefitting from localized knowledge spillovers, to strong firms with extensive non-local networks. We find that the relationship between internal and external resources is causally complex, with even the potential for negative innovation impacts. Hence, we provide a first step towards harmonizing the literature's different approaches to understanding clusters’ impact on firms.

来源期刊：Research Policy，2020年

参考文献格式：Daniël Speldekamp, Joris Knoben, Ayse Saka-Helmhout,Clusters and firm-level innovation: A configurational analysis of agglomeration, network and institutional advantages in European aerospace,Research Policy,Volume 49, Issue 3,2020,103921,ISSN 0048-7333,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.103921.